Orthogonality assures that the modes can be efficiently multiplexed at the transmitter, spatially co-propagated, and are demultiplexed at the receiver with minimal modal crosstalk 2. One recently way to achieve higher capacities 1 is to spatially multiplex multiple orthogonal modes using a single transmitter/receiver aperture pair, in which each mode carries an independent data stream. Conventional communication methods have faced the barriers of radio spectrum efficiency and the channel capacity expansion.
Wireless communication systems have gradually used innovative methods to meet the requirements of increased channel capacity and boost the transmission data-rate to develop communication applications. Electromagnetic full-wave simulations and experimental measurements have been performed to substantiate the proposed method. The objective waves represented by the desired beams carrying different orbital angular momentum modes. The monopole launchers are utilized for the excitation of TM surface mode, whereby their wave functions can be approximated by the Hankel function of the second kind. By varying the size of the metallic patches, the effective impedances may be realized. The leaky wave metasurfaces-based holographic concept are implemented with isotropic artificial surface impedances and made of hexagonal metallic patches.
The classic leaky-wave and a microwave holography theorem are combined to construct the holographic leaky-wave metasurfaces. In this paper, two different kinds of two dimensional (2-D) holographic leaky-wave metasurfaces with a single OAM mode at a single frequency (18 GHz) are introduced through designs and experiments. Recently, electromagnetic (EM) waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has received considerable attention in increasingly many different realms, such as communication systems, super-resolution imaging, optical communications and quantum state manipulation.
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